A (Asterisks indicate glossary entries)
Abolition of the wage system. See Wage system
Adler and Landauer, 112, 115n
AFL. See American Federation of Labor
Agricultural Labourers' Union, National,* 340, 353n
Alienation of labor, 311-12
Allen, Norman M., 261, 263n
Allen, William O., 283, 285n
Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein. See German Workingmen's Association, General
Alt, Charles, 413, 414n
Alvord, Thomas G., 208, 210n
Amalgamated Labor Union, 160
American District Telegraph Co., 306
American Federationist, 167n, 438n
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 277, 385, 387-88, 468-70; founding of, 387, 450-51, 453-64, 467-68; and KOL, 387-88, 467-69; SG and, 450-51, 468-70; structure of, 387, 468-69
American Land League. See Land League, American
Anarchism, alleged, 444
Anarchists, 386. See Haymarket defendants
Ancona, Mary D., 17-18
Angel, Moses, 11, 12n
Anti-Corn Law League, 32, 44n
Anti-tenement campaign, 67, 102-3, 112n, 124-27, 129-31,151-52, 169-77, 230, 242, 250-51, 260-62, 292-93, 448; doctors cited, 201-6; manufacturers' opposition, 260-62; SG and, 125, 130-31, 151-52, 169-70, 171-77, 207-10, 262, 291-93. See Cigar Makers' International Union; New York state legislature; Socialists
Anti-tenement legislation, 169-70, 208-9, 261-62, 270n, 292-93, 358. See New York state legislature
Appel, George W.,* 457, 459n
Apprenticeship, 225, 467
Arbeiter-Stimme, 97
Arbeiter Union, 21
Arbitration, 37, 42, 100, 287; SG and, 349-50
Arch, Joseph,* 340, 353n
Argyle, duke of (George Douglas Campbell), 344, 354n
Armour and Co., 467n
Arnold, Matthew, 12n
Arrington, Louis, 455, 460
Arthur, Peter M.,* 390
Arundel, Ernest J., 414
Aschermann, Edward, 297, 298, 327n
Aschermann and Co., 297-99, 301, 327n
Ash, Louis, 195, 198n, 199
Aubrey, James L.,* 266, 267n
Aull, Richard F., 447, 448n
Aylsworth, Ira B.,* 403, 404n
B
Backus, Josephus R., 165, 166n
Baer, Henry, 68, 69n, 83
Baer, Louis, 73, 74n
Bailey, William H.,* 399, 401, 411, 466
Bakers' National Union, Journeymen,* 457, 458n
Barbers' National Union, Journeymen, 459n
Barbers' Protective Union of New York, Journeymen, 457, 459n
Barry, Robert A., 204-5, 206n
Barry, Thomas B.,* 399, 401, 411, 426, 466, 467n
Barry, William J., 361, 362n
Bebel, August, 43n
Beecher, Henry Ward, 98, 99, 100, 101n
Belcher, Park, and Co., 113, 115n
Bence, George, 118, 175-78, 199, 260, 262
Benefit system, 146-48, 341-42; SG and, 103-4, 156-58, 341- 42. See Cigar Makers' International Union; Cigarmakers' Progressive Union; Trade unionism
Bengough, Herbert H., 214, 216n, 217, 235
Bergh, Henry, 99, 101n
Berliner, Louis,* 73, 74n, 83, 85, 87-89, 94, 108, 130, 255n; letter from, 86-87
Bernard, Thomas, 447
Berry, Thomas, 360, 362n
Bichler, William, 103-6
Bier and Co., 196, 199
Binder, Charles A., 446, 447n
Birkenhauer, George, 369
Bisbing, Ingham W., 359
Black, J. J., 458
Blair, George,* 361, 362n, 447
Blair, Henry W., 287, 289-356 passim
Blaskopf, Hermann, 174-75, 199
Blaskopf and Co., 262
Blend, Fred,* 157-58, 257n; letter from, 263-64
Blissert, Robert,* 100, 102n, 151
Block, George G.,* 457, 458n, 460
Bloete, Charles G.,* 171
Bloete, Fred, 71, 83
Blue Label, 392
Blue Label Pacific Coast Boycotter, 393
Board of Health. See New York City Board of Health
Boese, Thomas, 19, 20n
Bohemian immigrants, 46, 96, 192n. See also Cigarmakers
Bondy, Charles, and Co., 56, 58n
Bondy and Lederer, 196, 198n, 199
Bondy and Schwartzkopf, 184-85, 188n, 199
Bootblacks, 307-8
Bossie, Levy, 68
Boston Central Trades and Labor Union, 166n
Boston Workingmen's Central Union, 166n
Boycotts, 365, 402n, 405, 430n, 435, 438n, 467n
Boyer, David P.,* 386, 396, 460, 463
Branch, Christopher, 414
Brant, Lyman A.,* 161, 165, 166n, 211, 214, 216, 222, 227-28, 230, 242
Brass Finishers' and Molders' Protective Union 1, 231, 232n
Brennan, William J., 222, 226, 229n
Brentano, Lujo, 24, 34, 43n
Brewers' Union, St. Louis, 457
Bricklayers' and Masons' International Union,* 385-86, 390
Brinkmann, William, 250, 251n
Broadhurst, Henry,* 211, 212n
Broadway Surface Railroad Co., 433n, 444
Brown and Earle, 379, 381-82, 392
Brückmann, Englebert, 250, 251n
Buchanan, Joseph R.,* 403, 404n
Buchanan and Lyall, 112, 115n
Buckley, James, 17, 18n
Building trades, New York, 67n
Bunching machines, 417, 419, 420n, 423
Bunchmakers, 45-46, 50, 53
Bureau of Internal Revenue, U.S. See U.S. Bureau of Internal Revenue
Bureau of labor statistics, 219, 226, 258, 281, 287-88, 352
Bureau of Labor Statistics, New York, 151, 364
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Ohio State, 336, 353n
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. See U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Bureau of Statistics of Labor, Massachusetts, 290, 327n, 329
Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries, New Jersey, 328, 340, 353n
Burgman, Charles F.,* 227-28, 229n, 231, 233-34, 242-43
Burke, James,* 103-6n
Business unionism, 71-72
Butler, Benjamin F., 269-70n
Byrne, Michael J., 218, 220n, 242-43
C
Cabet, Etienne, 40, 44n
Call, Wilkinson, 293-356 passim
Cameron, Andrew C., 22n
Campbell, George Douglas. See Argyle, duke of
Cantor, Jacob A., 446, 447n
Capek, Thomas, 46
Capital, concentration of, 140-41, 452
Capitalism, 31; SG and 347-49
Carlton, Albert A.,* 403, 404n
Carpenters, 39, 67n, 275
Carpenters and Joiners of America, Brotherhood of,* 279-81, 385-86, 389, 390n
Carpenters and Joiners, United Order of American, 457, 458n
Carpenters and Joiners, Amalgamated (English), 71
Cash girls, SG and, 304-5
Casserly, James A., 457, 458n
Castle Garden, 361, 362n
Casuss, R., 433
Cavanaugh, Hugh,* 402, 404n
Central Organization of Cigarmakers. See Cigarmakers of New York, Central Organization of
Chandler, Charles F., 152
Chicago Central Labor Union, 461, 462n
Chicago Federation of Labor, 166n, 462n
Chicago, Trade and Labor Assembly of, 166n, 462n
Chicago Trade and Labor Council, 166n
Child labor, 32, 37, 40, 45, 225-27, 268, 270n, 291, 304-8, 330, 361, 449. See also Cigar industry; Cigarmakers
Chinese Exclusion Act, 454, 455n
Chinese immigrants, 114-16n, 218, 230, 242, 373, 387; SG and, 300-301, 373. See also Cigarmakers
Cigar and Tobacco Workers' Association, American, 274n
Cigar industry, 4, 48-49, 52-53, 94; child labor in, 110-11, 172-210; division of labor in, 45, 66; ethnic workforce in, 45-47; in New York City, 45-46, 75-76, 169-70; and tariff, 45, 118; tenement-house production, 45-47, 50-54, 56-58, 67, 73-75, 102-3, 107, 110-11, 113, 115n, 124-25, 129-31, 151-52, 169-210, 250-51, 260-62, 291-93, 365, 373, 381, 408; unemployment in, 49, 58, 75, 77; work rules in, 94-95, 373-74; working conditions in, 49, 51, 53, 67, 75-76, 94, 110, 172-77
Cigarmakers, 4, 31, 42, 45-49, 51, 103, 112-14, 116-17, 126n, 136, 159, 269, 273, 274n, 275, 336-37, 359, 373-74, 397-98, 412-14, 437-38, 441-43; anti-tenement movement, 102-3, 119; Bohemian immigrants, 46-47, 50-51, 53, 57, 66, 77, 102-3, 110; child labor, 50, 53-54, 66; Chinese immigrants, 48, 114-16n, 125; cooperative shop, 116-17, 121-24; Cuban, 51, 457-58, 459n; ethnic divisions, 96-97, 107, 247-48; factionalism, 356-58, 365-66; German immigrants, 21, 47, 50-51, 66, 102-3, 110, 247, 259; and Henry George campaign, 431-33, 441-43; and KOL, 365-66, 382-84, 391-94, 416-17, 435, 437-38; lockout (1886), 375-79, 383-84, 407-8, 465; Milwaukee, 297-99, 327n; New York City, 45-47, 50, 66-67, 77, 95, 236-37, 247-54, 258-60, 356-60, 373-79, 441-43; strikes: (1870), 49, 50n, (1873), 66, (1877), 95-96, 109-21, 123, 207, (1886), 411-12, 422-24; tenement-house workers, 113, 115n, 129-30, 172-210; union label, 115n, 125, 126n. See also Socialists; Strikes; Cigarmakers, United; Women
Cigarmakers, Federation of Cuban, 457-58, 459n
Cigarmakers, United, 46-47, 50n, 56-57, 61, 63-64, 67, 73-74; benefits, 47, 55, 58, 62; constitution, 47, 61-66; ethnic sections, 55, 57; origins of, 55, 66
Cigar Makers' Association of the Pacific Coast, 126n
Cigar Makers' International Union,* 46, 48, 50n, 60, 66-67, 71-72, 105, 113, 139, 141-51, 165, 236, 245n, 265-66, 416-17, 442; anti-tenement campaign, 79, 126-27, 129-31, 167-71, 207-10, 292-93; benefit system, 72, 103-4, 134-39, 146-48, 156-58, 338-39, 341-42; board of appeals, 128-29, 132, 144-46; boycott (1886), 392-94, 405; and Cigarmakers' Progressive Union (CMPU), 359-60, 365-66, 368-69, 375-79, 381, 383, 416-20, 422-24; equalization of funds, 72, 135, 149, 338; and KOL, 380, 382, 385, 387, 392-94, 396-401, 404n, 405-11, 435-39, 464; labor bureau, 105, 135, 138, 146; labor politics, 169-70; New York District, 236-37, 269-72, 419; organizing drive, 269-72; and scabs, 389, 412; SG and, 103-6, 134-39, 236-37, 269, 369-71, 412n; sinking fund, 150; strike fund, 72, 113, 118, 127-29, 132-33, 146-47, 337-39, 419; strikes, 297-99, 327n, 382, 411-12, 422-24; union label, 293, 327n, 370, 374, 388, 392-94, 400-401, 409-11, 417, 435
--constitutions: (1879), 127-29, 132-33, 140-51, 156-57; (1881), 157n, 256-57; (1885), 369-71 --conventions: (1870), 46, (1875), 46, 67, (1877), 71, 103-6, (1879), 71, 134-40, (1880), 72, 139n, 156-58, 327n, (1881), 239, 245n, 257n, (1885), 368-69
--locals: local 2, 139n; local 5, 139n; local 6, 139n; local 8, 237; local 10, 373-74, 383, 419; local 13, 379, 380n, 419; local 14, 134, 139n; local 15, 5, 46, 50n; local 20, 96, 120n, 133, 134n; local 27, 140n; local 43, 116n; local 55, 134, 139n; local 68, 262, 263n; local 87, 50n, 111, 112n, 113-14, 419; local 90, 46, 50n, 55, 56n; local 97, 50n, 116n; local 100, 359; local 122, 139n; local 131, 237; local 132, 237, 419; local 141, 379, 380n, 419; local 149, 413, 414n, 419; local 165, 359n; local 213, 379, 380n, 419; local 237, 413, 414n; local 251, 419, 420n
--local 144: 46-47, 56n, 71, 76, 91-92, 132-33, 236-37, 373-74, 419; anti-tenement campaign, 169-71, 250-51, 258; benefit system, 71, 122; British influence on, 71; charter (1875), 68; and CMPU, 272-74, 357; constitution, 80-81; and cooperative shop, 118; corruption in, 93; equalization of wages, 73; factionalism, 97, 247-60, 264-66; and KOL, 383; mergers, 96, 120-21, 133-34, organizing drive, 73-74, 77-79, 98-100; and the Picket, 392; politics, 97, 171, 247-48; SG and, 46-47, 73, 79-80, 91-92, 120, 250-55; socialism, 103; strike (1877), 95-96, 106-11
Cigarmakers of New York, Central Organization of, 95-96, 110, 112-13, 116-17, 121, 124
Cigarmakers of North America, United, 247, 248, 274n
Cigar Makers' Mutual Association of London, 74, 75n
Cigar Makers' National Union, 5
Cigar Makers' Official Journal, 74n, 115n, 149-50, 169
Cigarmakers' Progressive Union, 248, 272-74, 356-58, 368, 369n, 375-79, 402n, 407-8, 412;
and Cigar Makers' International Union, 359-60, 365-66, 368-69, 375-79, 381, 412, 415-20, 422-24; and KOL, 415-20; SG and, 368-69, 416-17; strike, 357-58, 423
Cigarmakers' Society of England, 4
Cigarmakers' State Union, New York, 46
Cigarmaking: SG on, 4-5
Cigar Manufacturers' Association, New York, 358n, 375-79
Cigar Manufacturers' Association, American, 358n, 418, 422
Cigar Manufacturers' Association, National, 116, 117n
Cigar Manufacturers' Association, United, 357, 358n, 365-66, 381, 417, 418n, 421-22, 424n
Cigar manufacturers, 56, 66, 75, 118, 169-70, 375-79, 382, 442-43; and 1877 strike, 111-13, 115n; and KOL, 380, 415, 417; tenement-house production, 172-210, 260-62. See also Kerbs and Spiess; Levy Brothers; Lichtenstein Brothers and Co.; Stachelberg and Co.; Straiton and Storm; Sutro and Newmark; and other specific firms
Cigar mold, 45-46, 49
Cincinnati Central Labor Council, 212n
Cincinnati Central Labor Union, 212n
Cincinnati Trades and Labor Assembly, 211, 212n
City Record, 201
Civic Federation, National, 438n
Civil War, American, 4, 32
Clancey, Daniel, 361, 362n
Clark, George,* 165, 166n
Class consciousness, 41
"Class rule," 27, 29, 34, 38, 87
Class struggle. See Conflict between labor and capital
Cleveland Central Labor Union, 166n
Cleveland Industrial Council, 166n
Cleveland Trades and Labor Assembly, 165, 166n
Cline, Isaac,* 215-16, 217n, 219, 228
Clinton, DeWitt, 446
Clothing cutters, 466, 467n
CMIU. See Cigar Makers' International Union
CMPU. See Cigarmakers' Progressive Union
Coal Miners. See Miners
Cohen, Fanny Gompers,* 8, 14
Cohen, J. H., 10
Collar and cuff workers, 466, 467n
Colopovert, Joseph, 111
Columbus (Ohio) Trades Assembly, 455n
Communism, 214, 345-47; alleged, 110, 111, 209, 262
Communist Manifesto, 21
Concord Labor Club, 140-41, 360, 361n
Conflict between labor and capital, 25-26n, 214-15, 224, 240, 280, 299-300, 347-49, 372.
See also Congressional hearings
Congressional hearings, labor and capital, 287-356
Conspiracy laws, 212-13, 218, 226
Consuls, U.S., 298-300
Contract labor, 26, 219, 225-26, 287-88
Convict labor, 37, 40, 151, 169, 213, 215, 218, 225, 361
Cooper Union, 5, 192n
Cooper, Peter, 189, 192n
Cooperatives, 31, 35, 37, 42, 44n, 57, 61, 117-18, 121-24, 215-16, 287
Cooperative shop, SG on, 117-18, 123-24
Corruption, 69n, 93, 432, 433n, 444
Cotton industry. See Textile industry
Coughlin, John E.,* 165
Coughlin, William H., 361, 363n
Crawford, Mark L.,* 161, 211, 212n, 214, 216, 228, 230, 242-43
Cummin, Sherman, 227-28, 229n
Curriers, 161, 471n
Curtis, T., 125
D
Daley, Edward L.,* 458, 460n, 467
Dalton, William, 446, 447n
Daly, Judge Charles P., 119, 120n
Daly, Francis, 360, 362n
Dampf, Meyer, 255n, 260n, 438
Davidson, Herman, 271n
Davis, Bernhard, 457, 459n
Davis, Jacob, 17-18
Davitt, Michael, 285-86n
De Armay, Raymond, 432
Death benefits, 39, 156-58, 341
De Bary and Co., 95
Defiance Assembly. See Knights of Labor Local Assembly 2458
Delnicke Listy, 108n, 191, 192n
Democratic party. See New York City Democratic party
Denny, Albert G.,* 456, 458n, 460
Department of Labor, U.S. See U.S. Department of Labor
Detlef, Conrad, 125, 126n
Devitt, John, 360, 362n
Dewes, Jacob, 139n; letter from, 135-36
Dinkel, Judge John A., 113, 115n
District assemblies. See Knights of Labor
District Messenger Co., 306
Division of labor, 40, 45, 66, 90, 328
Dix, John A., 207, 210n
Domschke, C., 195, 198n, 199
Donnelly, James P., 458, 460n
Donovan, Florence F., 360, 361n
Doody, Patrick H., 434
Dorn, Henry, 461, 462n
Dougherty, John H., 447, 448n
Doyle, John J., 447
Doyle, Martin F.,* 83, 85; letter from, 85
Dues: SG on, 272
Duffy, Patrick G., 113, 115n
Duncker, Franz, 44n
Duryea Starch Co., 438
Dyer, Josiah B.,* 385, 389, 390n, 426, 464
E
Ecks, Henry, 250, 251n
Economic and Sociological Club, 60n, 83
Edmonston, Gabriel,* 275-76, 286n, 287, 364, 452, 457, 462n, 469-70
Egan, John P. 361, 362n
Eggleston, William M., 359 Ellis, William, 10, 12n
Ehmann, John, 390
Eight-hour law: Australia, 318-19, 327n; federal, 67n, 151, 212-13, 225, 229n, 281, 287-88, 320-30, 351
Eight-hour movement: (1872), 66, 67n; (1886), 276-77, 363-64, 371, 387-88, 448-49, 454, 461, 467n
Ely, Smith, Jr., 100, 102n
Emancipation of the working class. See Working class
Emanuel, G. J., 10
Emerson, Nathaniel B., 201-2, 203n, 204
Employers and employees, relations between, 308-11, 348-49
Employment bureau, 361, 362n
Emrich, Henry,* 371, 372n, 390, 452, 454, 457, 462n, 471
Engel, George,* 462n
Engels, Friedrich, 43n
Engineers, Amalgamated Society of, 457
English workers. See Working class
Eppenetter, Frank N., 361, 362n
Erb, Charles M., 369
Erfurt congress (1872), 26, 32, 42
Evans, Christopher,* 386, 390, 391n, 396, 426, 451, 457, 460, 464
Exler, John W., 219, 220n
F
Fabrosky, Joseph, 115n
Factionalism, SG on, 360. See also Cigar Makers' International Union 144
Farm laborers (English), 340-41, 353n
Faustus Labor Club, 360, 362n
Federal employees, 320-27
Federal labor unions, 469
Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the U.S. and Canada (FOTLU), 159-62, 211-13, 230, 235, 243-44, 282, 348, 354, 437, 451-52; conventions: (1881), 210-32, 238-44, (1882), 231, 232n, 275, 282-85, (1883), 323, 328n, (1884), 276, 363, 364n, (1885), 276, 371, 373n, (1886), 387, 451-58, 460-62; declaration of principles, 224-27, 241; and eight-hour movement, 363-64, 371, 462; finances, 233-34, 239-40; and KOL, 275-76, 387-88, 456, 460; Legislative Committee, 222, 228, 229n, 231-36, 239, 242-45, 276, 286, 371, 440, 451-52, 460; merges with AFL, 387, 461, 462n, 467-68; resolutions, 218-19, 223-27, 230-31, 242, 282-83; SG and, 163, 211, 214, 216-24, 227-35, 238-45, 277n, 286n, 371, 387, 440, 457, 462n; and socialism, 213, 216; and strikes, 280, 454; structure, 221-30, 239-40
Feltman, William, 185-86, 199
Fielden, Samuel,* 462n
Finkelstone, Edward,* 457, 458n
Finn, Daniel E., 446, 447n
Finn, John J., 360, 362n
Finnell, Thomas C., 206, 207n
First International. See International Workingmen's Association
Fischer, Adolph,* 462n
Fitzgerald, Theodore, 135, 139n
Fitzpatrick, Patrick F.,* 165, 166n, 385-86, 389-90, 396, 426, 451, 457, 460, 463-64, 466, 470
Flanigan, John, 215, 217n
Flint Glass Workers' Union,* 458, 459n
Foran, Martin A.,* 283, 285n
Ford, Thomas J.,* 434
Forschner, August J.,* 257
Fortschrittspartei. See Progressive party
Fortune, John,* 98, 101n, 111, 259
Foster, Frank K.,* 282, 283n, 287
Foster, William H.,* 211, 212n, 230-31, 233-36, 242-44, 286-87, 382, 383n, 385, 389-90, 440, 458
Foster and Hilson, 192, 193n, 199, 423
FOTLU. See Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions
Fourier, Francois Marie Charles, 40, 44n
"Fourth Estate," 28-29, 44n
Frank, Anton,* 424, 425n
Fraternal organizations, 5, 39
Frauds, employer, 313
Freight handlers, 296-97
Frey Brothers, 194, 198n, 199
Frohnhoefer, Henry, 68, 69n
Fuller, Warren, and Co., 399, 402n
Furniture workers, 67n
Furniture Workers' Union, International,* 390, 391n
G
Gantt, Thompson F. 455, 456n, 460
George, Henry,* 288, 431, 454; letter from, 432; mayoral campaign, 429-34, 438n, 439, 441-43, 445-47; SG and mayoral campaign, 429, 431-32, 434, 441, 444-46, 448-49
George, James Z., 291-356 passim
German immigrants, 4, 32, 95-96, 98, 247-48. See also Cigarmakers; Socialists
German Society of New York, 362n
German Trades of the City of New York, United, 457, 459n
German working class. See Working class
German Workingmen's Association, General, 23, 32, 43n
German Workingmen's Associations, Federation of, 33-34, 44n
German-Bohemian Union. See Cigarmakers of North America, United
Gessner, Frank M.,* 390
Gibson, David R.,* 402, 404n
Gideon, David, 262, 263n
Glassworkers, 211, 215. See also Flint Glass Workers' Union; Window Glass Workers' Local Assembly 300
Goldsmith, Marcus K.,* 103-6
Goldsmiths,* 31, 42
Gompers, Abraham,* 153, 154n
Gompers, Abraham Julian,* 153, 154n
Gompers, Alexander,* 14, 16
Gompers, Alexander Julian,* 96, 153, 154n
Gompers, Bella,* 153
Gompers, Catherine,* 8, 14, 153
Gompers, Clara. See Le Bosse, Clara Gompers
Gompers, Elizabeth Tate,* 153, 154n
Gompers, Emanuel,* 153
Gompers, Fannie,* 153, 154n
Gompers, Fanny. See Cohen, Fanny Gompers
Gompers, Harriett,* 14, 16
Gompers, Henrietta (SG's grandmother),* 8, 14
Gompers, Henrietta (SG's sister),* 153
Gompers, Henry,* 14, 16
Gompers, Henry Julian,* 153
Gompers, Jacob,* 16, 153
Gompers, Louis (SG's brother),* 14, 16, 153
Gompers, Louis (SG's cousin), 153
Gompers, Minnie, 153
Gompers, Rose,* 153
Gompers, Samuel, 46, 71-72; alleged intemperance, 410, 465-66; apprenticeship of, 3; becomes citizen, 18-19; birth, 3, 7; black eye, 449; criticism of, 247; early employment, 4-5; education, 3-5, 9, 13; family background, 3, 7-8, 14, 16-18, 96, 153-55; immigration to U.S., 4, 16; interview, 404-5; marriage, 5, 17-18; membership in KOL, 289, 327n; memberships in fraternal organizations, 5; personal history, 289; testimony, congressional hearings (1883), 287, 289-356
Gompers, Samuel (SG's cousin),* 153, 154n
Gompers, Samuel Julian,* 6, 153, 438n
Gompers, Samuel Moses,* 3, 7, 14
Gompers, Sarah (SG's aunt). See Levy, Sarah Gompers.
Gompers, Sarah (SG' cousin), 153
Gompers, Sarah Rood,* 3, 7, 8, 14, 16, 153
Gompers, Simon (SG's brother),* 153
Gompers, Simon (SG's uncle),* 8, 14, 153, 154n
Gompers, Solomon (SG's cousin), 153
Gompers, Solomon (SG's father),* 3-4, 7, 14n, 16, 153
Gompers, Sophia Julian,* 5, 17, 18n, 153
Goodwin, Francis, 205, 207n
Gotha congress (1875), 43n
Gould, Jay, 99, 101n, 343, 402n, 432-33n
Government employees. See Federal employees
Government ownership. See Railroads; Telegraph lines
Grace, William R., 172, 173n
Grady, Thomas F., 260, 263n
Granget, John P., 205, 207n
Granite cutters, 275, 339
Granite Cutters' National Union,* 165, 166n
Grant, Ulysses S., 320, 323, 328n
Greeley, Horace, 446
Green, Samuel S.,* 371, 372n, 452
Grenell, Judson,* 282, 283n
Grosse, Edward,* 258-59, 260n
Guilds, 24, 30, 34, 38-39
Gutstadt, Herman,* 237
H
Haas, Louis, 260, 262-63n
Hagan, Edward P., 446, 447n
Haggerty, John, 133
Hall, Goldsmith P., 455, 460, 466
Hallahan, H. F., 255n
Haller, Frederick,* 366, 374, 397, 399, 419-20, 432
Hamilton, Robert R., 447, 448n
Hammerstein, Oscar, 418
Hanlon, John F., 457, 459n, 460
Harmony Mills, 265n, 267-68, 293-96
Harris, Daniel,* 107, 108n, 111
Harris, George,* 390, 391n, 457, 469-70
Hart, I., 10
Hat Finishers' Association, Brooklyn, 361, 362n
Hat Finishers, National Trade Association of,* 390
Hatmakers, 31, 38, 42
Hausler, Mary,* 108, 109n, 110, 119
Hayes, Isaac I., 152
Hayes, John W.,* 399, 401, 411, 426, 466, 467n
Haymarket: bombing, 277; defendants, 461, 462n, 467
Health benefits, 39
Heine, C., 183-84, 199
Henneberry, Thomas T.,* 243, 245n
Heurtaux, Alfred, 204, 206n
Hewitt, Abram S.,* 126, 127n, 207, 429, 431n, 441, 443-44
Hexter, H., 108, 109n
Hillmann, Carl,* 22, 43n; pamphlet, 23-43
Hirsch, David, 21, 75, 76n, 96
Hirsch, Henry, 449
Hirsch, Max, 33-34, 44n
Hirschhorn and Bendheim, 187, 188n, 199, 262
Hirschhorn and Co., 112, 115n
Hirth, Frank,* 71, 103-6
Holzmann and Deutschberger, 112, 115n, 197, 198n, 199
Home Club. See Knights of Labor
Homestead strike, 455n
Hopkins, John J., 361, 362n
Horse car drivers, 301-3, 327n
Hours of Labor. See Workday
Howard, John, 449
Howard, Robert,* 217-18, 220n, 228, 286n, 329, 390
Howe, Walter, 93
Howes, John W., 387, 455, 456n, 460
Huck, Louis,* 85, 86n
Hurst, George,* 66n, 68; letters to, 75-78
I
Immigrants. See Individual nationality groups
Importation of labor, 297-301
Indianapolis Central Labor Union, 165, 166n
Indianapolis Trades Assembly, 165, 166n
Inspector, H. M., 10
Intemperance, 215-16, 410, 464
Internal Revenue. See U.S. Bureau of Internal Revenue
International Workingmen's Association, 21, 22n, 24, 26, 36, 83, 84n; Basel congress (1869), 25, 43n; Conference of Delegates (1871), 25, 44n; General Council, 25-26, 43-44n; Geneva conference (1866), 25, 43n; Hague congress (1872), 25, 43n, 44n; and trade union movement, 25-26, 31
International Labor Union, 84n
International Working People's Association, 462n
Ireland, 218-20, 223, 248
Irish Immigrant Society, 362n
Irish immigrants, 248
Irish National Land League. See Land League, Irish National
Iron and Steel Workers, 159, 272, 339-40, 385-86, 437
Iron and Steel Workers, Amalgamated Association of,* 165, 166n, 167, 211, 272n, 339-40, 353n
"Iron law of wages," 27, 31, 44n, 87
Iron Molders' Union of North America,* 165, 166n, 167, 216, 385; local 14, 217n; local 72, 165, 166n; local 181, 165, 166n
Iron Molders, National Union of, 217n
J
Jablinowski, Ludwig,* 432, 433n
Jacoby, M., and Co., 196-97, 198n, 199
Jaehne, Henry, 444
Jarrett, John,* 212, 214, 216, 218-19, 223-24, 227-28, 230, 238
Jefferson, Thomas, 446
Jesse, Paul, 73, 74n
Jews' Free School, 3, 9-13, 17
Johnson, Edwin, 208, 210n
Johnston, Robert, 267, 268n
Jonas, Morris, 108, 109n
Jones, Addison P., 261, 263n
Jones, David R.,* 221, 229n
Josephs, Samuel, and Co., 189-90, 192n, 199, 209, 262
Journal of the Knights of Labor, 391
Journeymen's associations, 39, 41
Julian, David H.,* 17, 18n
Julian, Sophia. See Gompers, Sophia Julian
Junio, John J.,* 68, 69n
K
Kane, John, 457, 459n
Kaufmann, Berthold W.,* 83, 90; letter from, 89-90
Kaufmann Brothers, 197, 199
Kaufmann Brothers and Bondy, 186-87, 188n, 199
Kean, Edward J.,* 360, 361n, 449
Kelby, Walter, 134, 139n, 151
Kells, David, 360, 361n
Kelly, John, 100, 102n, 169
Kenny, John F., 446, 447n
Kerbs and Spiess, 56-57, 58n, 66, 110, 112n, 113, 194-95, 198n, 199, 210, 260, 262, 365, 373-74, 378, 407, 423
Kiernan, James G., 206, 207n
King, Edward, 288
King, George G.,* 371, 372n, 452
Kinnear, John, 165, 166n
Kirchner, John S.,* 366, 368-69, 387, 398-99, 409, 437, 440, 452, 454, 457, 462n
Knights of Industry, 160
Knights of Labor (KOL), 81, 159-62, 167, 211, 220n, 248-49, 276, 284-85, 287-88, 382, 391-92, 403, 404n; and AFL, 387-88; anti-trade union wing, 389, 403, 404n, 420; boycotts, 365, 467n; cigarmakers, 248-49, 382-83, 416-17, 435; and Cigar Makers' International Union, 365-66, 392-94, 396-401, 405-11, 435-39, 464; and Cigarmakers' Progressive Union, 415-20; District Assembly (DA) 3, 167; DA 9, 167, 168n; DA 17, 160; DA 45 (Telegraphers, Brotherhood of), 353n; DA 49, 248, 366, 382, 383n, 384, 387, 397, 399, 404n, 405, 407-8, 411, 415, 419-20, 435-36, 438n, 439, 467n; DA 68, 402n; DA 126, 420, 421n; and eight-hour movement, 276-77, 388; and FOTLU, 275-76, 282-83, 456, 460; General Assemblies: (1878), 159, (1880), 160, (1885), 380n, (Cleveland, 1886), 386, 391, 392n, 395, 399-403, 405-6, 425; (Richmond, 1886), 386, 425-27, 435, 437, 439; (1887), 435n; General Executive Board, 399-403; and Henry George campaign, 429-30; history of, 159-60; Home Club, 402-3, 404n, 420; Joan of Arc Assembly, 467n; label, 366, 380-82, 384, 393, 395-396, 400-401, 405n, 408-11, 420, 435; Local Assembly (LA) 1562 (Spread the Light Club), 237n, 276, 438n; LA 1630, 217, 220n; LA 2458 (Defiance Assembly), 248, 327n, 383-84, 399-401, 408, 438; LA 2814 (Progressive Labor Club), 248, 399, 402n; LA 3275, 402n; and scabs, 395, 397-98, 406-7, 409-11; SG and, 283, 388, 397-99, 405, 420-21, 438-40, 463-66; and strikes, 160, 353n, 395, 399, 402n, 466, 467n, 470-71; structure, 159-60, 385; and tenement-house production, 380, 407-8; and trade unions, 159-62, 280, 385-89, 395-98, 402-3, 404n, 406-9, 425-27, 436-38, 440, 454, 460-62, 467-69
Kohn, Joseph, 113, 115n
KOL. See Knights of Labor
Kostial, T., 204, 206n
Kronburg, David,* 83, 84n, 85, 86n
Kuenstler, Rudolph, 237
Kunart, William, 111, 112n
Kutscher, William, and Co., 187-88, 199
L
Label, cigarmakers', 115n, 125, 126n, 293, 327n, 366, 370, 374, 384, 392-98, 400-401, 409-11, 413-14, 417, 420, 435
Labor bureau. See Cigar Makers' International Union
Labor competition, 26n, 115n, 125, 171, 230, 241-42, 300-301
Labor congress. See Trade union congress
Labor education, 105
Labor movement, European, 164, 211, 213, 215, 281, 340-41, 345
Labor movement, in United States, 159-60, 271-72
Labor party, 248, 387. See United Labor party
Labor politics, 126-27, 131, 139, 151-52, 169-70, 226-27, 230-37, 248, 250-54, 360-61, 429-33, 439, 441-43, 450. See also Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions; New York City
Labor press, 37, 108n
Labor productivity, 316-17, 328-30
Labor saving machinery. See Machinery, labor saving
Labor Standard, 83, 203n
Labor statistics. See Bureau of labor statistics
Lake Seamen. See Seamen
Land grants, federal, 285, 286n
Land League, American, 286n; Irish National, 285-86n
Land reform, 218-20, 282
Landauer, Strauss and Co., 188, 199
Lane, Horatio H., 458, 459n
Larkin, Michael, 283, 285n
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 26-28, 43-44n, 259
"Lassalleans," 84n
Lasters' Protective Union, New England,* 458, 460n
Laurrell, Ferdinand,* 21, 22n, 46, 71, 83, 84n
Layet, Alexandre, 204, 206n
Layton, Robert D.,* 161-62, 167, 228, 287; letter from, 167
Le Bosse, Clara Gompers,* 8, 14
Leader, 429-30, 438n, 459n
Lederman, Michael C., 414
Leffingwell, Samuel L.,* 165, 166n, 211, 230, 242-43
Legislation, labor, 170, 212, 225-27, 231, 352, 354n, 361
Legislation, foreign--Australia, 318-19, 327n;
Legislation, state-- Massachusetts: ten-hour law, 290, 327n, 329-30
--New York: anti-tenement law, 169-70; mechanics' lien law, 151, 226, 258, 361
Legislation, U.S.: eight-hour law, 67n, 151, 212-13, 225, 229n, 281, 287-88, 320-30, 351
Legislative Committee, FOTLU. See Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, Legislative Committee.
Leib, Francis, 251
Lelyfeld, Louis, 414
Lenz, Charles, 346, 354n
Levy, M., 237
Levy, Marcus,* 18-19, 20n
Levy, Sarah Gompers,* 8, 14
Levy and Ullmann, 113, 115n
Levy Brothers, 193-94, 198n, 199, 374-77, 379, 381-82, 392, 408, 417-18
Lewis, Ansel M., 237
Lewyn and Martin, 419
Lichtenstein, Benjamin, 260, 263n
Lichtenstein Brothers, 58, 59n, 181-84, 199, 418; letter from, 392-94
Lieb, Francis, 251
Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 43n
Lincoln, Abraham, 332
Lingg, Louis,* 462n
Lipman, Miss, 11
Local assemblies. See Knights of Labor, local assemblies
Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood of,* 339, 343, 353n
Locomotive Firemen, Brotherhood of,* 390, 391n
Love, John W., 408, 409n
Lozier, Henry, 414
Lustig, Adolph, 432, 433n
Luther, Martin, 29
Lynch, Charles D., 231, 232n
Lynch, James,* 221, 228, 229n, 259
UP
